苎麻木质素合成酶CAD基因的cDNA克隆及表达分析

采用PCR结合RACE技术克隆苎麻栽培种湘苎3号CAD基因全长cDNA序列;再运用qRT–PCR技术对木质素含量不同的代表性苎麻品种湘苎1号、湘苎3号、湘潭大叶白和城步青麻的CAD基因在其茎秆韧皮部和木质部的表达进行定量分析;使用1%间苯三酚和25%盐酸对4种苎麻茎横切片进行特异染色,观察品种间木质素染色度。结果表明,获得的苎麻CAD基因cDNA序列全长为1 378 bp(GenBank登录号,KF758396),编码359个氨基酸,推导为苎麻肉桂醇脱氢酶(BnCAD)。该推导蛋白质与已报道的几种植物木质素合成酶CAD的同源性均达90%以上,其中与蒺藜苜蓿的同源性达97%。运用qRT–PCR方法对BnCAD基因表达的定量分析结果显示,苎麻CAD基因在湘苎1号和湘苎3号的韧皮部表达水平明显高于其在木质部的表达水平,而在城步青麻木质部的表达水平高于其在韧皮部的表达水平,该基因在湘潭大叶白的韧皮部和木质部表达量接近。4种苎麻茎横切片的木质素染色结果表明,品种间木质素染色度与CAD基因在其韧皮部的表达量成正相关。     

GRP1.8-反义pt4CL1基因对巨尾桉 木质素含量的影响

桉树是桃金娘科桉树属(Eucalyptus）植物的统称,是制浆造纸的主要原料之一,但是桉树中含有大量木 质素,木质素的存在会严重影响纸浆的质量。4-香豆酸颐辅酶A 连接酶(4CL）是木质素单体生物合成的关键酶之一, 抑制4CL 基因的表达,可以有效降低植物中木质素的含量。通过根癌农杆菌介导的叶盘转化法,将形成层定位启动 子GRP1.8 融合的杨树反义4-香豆酸:辅酶A 连接酶基因导入巨尾桉,经卡那霉素筛选和PCR 鉴定,获得9 株转基 因阳性植株。通过4CL 酶活性测定和木质素、纤维素含量的分析,发现转基因组培苗的4CL 酶活性比对照植株下降 了44%,温室转基因幼苗中硫酸木质素含量下降了16%。     

木聚糖对生物质组分水热碳化特性的影响研究

为了研究木聚糖的水热碳化特性,在间歇式反应釜中,进行反应温度为160~240℃、停留时间为120 min条件下的水热碳化实验研究,同时在220℃、120 min的反应条件下,考察了木聚糖对纤维素和木质素水热碳化过程的影响。研究发现,200℃时,木聚糖水热焦开始出现,随反应温度的升高,木聚糖水热焦产率逐渐增加,至240℃时,产率达13%;以小麦秸秆中半纤维素与纤维素和木质素混合水热碳化,木聚糖对纤维素水热焦产率影响不大,而碳质量分数从纯纤维素水热焦的42%增加至纤维素和木聚糖混合物水热焦的48%,与纯木质素水热焦相比,木聚糖和木质素混合物水热焦产率减少了23个百分点,碳质量分数变化不大;木聚糖水热焦中特征官能团随温度升高而减少,而CC、CO和芳香特征峰红外吸收逐渐增强,同时热重分析表明木聚糖水热焦热稳定性较好。傅里叶红外光谱、X射线衍射分析及热重分析表明,在水热碳化过程中,木聚糖可以促进纤维素和木质素分子结构的断裂、聚合和芳香化反应,提高水热焦的芳香特性。     

方差补偿自适应卡尔曼滤波在GPS滑坡监测中的应用研究

卡尔曼滤波是目前处理滑坡监测数据的主要方法。针对传统卡尔曼滤波中动态噪声不准或不容易确定而导致滤波发散的现象,提出用动态噪声的方差阵补偿法对滤波中的方差-协方差误差进行修正,结合三峡实测数据处理,证明该方法能有效地克服滑坡监测数据处理中滤波模型发散的问题。     

核桃硬壳发育期内果皮木质素与相关酶活性的#br# 变化

 以‘赞美’和‘珍珠香’核桃（Juglans regia L.）果实为试材,采用间苯三酚–HCl 法观察 了内果皮木质化过程,测定了其发育过程中木质素、纤维素和酚类物质含量以及相关酶活性的变化。结 果表明：两个品种核桃硬壳木质化始于6 月初,6 月中旬初步成型,7 月下旬完成。从硬壳木质化至坚果 采收,木质素、纤维素和酚类物质含量均呈逐渐升高趋势,但酚类物质含量在采前略有下降,POD 和PAL 活性均呈下降趋势,PPO 活性整体变化不大。相关分析表明,核桃硬壳分化期木质素含量与纤维素含量 极显著正相关,酚类物质含量与木质素含量极显著正相关,与纤维素含量显著正相关;POD 活性与木质 素、纤维素、酚类物质含量极显著负相关,与PAL 活性极显著正相关。     

覆盖光降解地膜对土壤污染及棉花生育影响的研究

自１９８４年以来，对国内外３０种不同型号的可控制降解时间的光降解地膜，进行了棉花田间效应研究认为，光解膜在自然曝晒下在一定时间范围内能够自行降解，与普通地膜相比具有相同的土壤环境效应和相近的增产效果。降解产物对土壤的矿质元素含量无明显影响，也未发现有害物质产生。在棉田应用时，诱导期控制在６０天左右，此后，降解过程越短越好，最长不宜超过１２０天。     

Accelerated Generalized Minimal Residual Algorithm

This paper studies the fundamental theory of the generalized minimal residual algorithm(GMRES(m))in Krylov subspace and specially the relationship between residual vector and Krylov subspace.The relationship of the algorithm convergence and the subspace be selected is further researched according the linear system about residual vector.It is posed that the convergence can be slowed down because there are so many very small eigenvalue in magnitude.And a accelerated method(AGMRES(m)) is proposed to improve the convergence of the GMRES(m).Theoretical analysis and numerical results show the reliability and efficiency of the algorithm.     

Residual effects of the Xa-4 resistance gene in three rice cultivars when exposed to a virulent isolate of Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae

Summary F₂ plants of five, and F₃ plants of three, crosses between genotypes carrying the race-specific resistance gene Xa-4 and genotypes not carrying this gene were inoculated with two isolates of Xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae. Half the tillers of each plant received isolate PX061, avirulent on the Xa-4 gene, the other half of the tillers received isolate PX099, virulent for the Xa-4 gene. The F₂ and F₃ populations segregated for a single dominant resistance gene, Xa-4.The parental, F₂ and F₃ genotypes not carrying Xa-4 had mean lesion lengths between 28 and 29 cm for both isolates. The Xa-4 carrying parents showed a mean lesion length of 2.7 cm with the avirulent isolate and of 12.4 cm with the virulent isolate. The Xa-4 carrying F₂ and F₃ genotypes had mean lesion lengths of 5.2 and 20.1 cm for the two isolates, respectively. These observations strongly indicate that the Xa-4 gene, carried by the rice genotypes studied (IR28, Cisadane and BR51-282-8), had a considerable residual effect when exposed to virulent isolate PXO99.     

Reselection of a Pearl Millet Cultivar Utilizing Residual Variability for Downy Mildew Reaction*

‘BJ 104’ was the most widely grown pearl millet hybrid in India until it became susceptible to downy mildew (DM) in 1984—85. Residual variability for resistance was found in both parental lines, 5141 B (maintainer of 5141 A) and J 104, and through four generations of pedigree selection under intense disease pressure in the DM nursery, two lines, IC-MA841 (from 5141 B) and ICMP 84814 (from J 104), were selected resulting in a reconstituted DM resistant hybrid (‘ICMH 84814’) which was equal in yield to the original ‘BJ 104’. The reconstituted hybrid, though phenotypically similar, can be distinguished from “BJ 104” being slightly taller, flowers later, has heavier heads, and 1000-seed weight, but tillers less. A similar exercise was attempted on Tifton 23 B, the female parent of the first widely grown hybrid (‘HB 3’— the male parent was also J 104), but no variability for resistance to DM was found.